Monday, February 29, 2016

Marine Ecology California Academy of Sciences

California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is in San Francisco and it provides shows, exhibits and live animals for public viewing and scientists do research and conduct presentations about the animals. I selected the location after a brief discussion with my teacher regarding the appropriate location. I was happy to go there, since it is sentimental to me and my family. My mom had wanted a membership, so she went with me. I enjoy it because the presentations are always very good and the scientists always give good presentations and information. They recently have put in new exhibits and new technology so it provided me an opportunity to see their new advancements.
As an abiotic factor examined, I would have to mention temperature, since it was important to the maintenance of the creatures. Some of the beings are very sensitive, while others, such as purple sea urchins may be more resistant to temperature fluctuations. Some species adapt to their environment, some adapt over a period of time, while others adapt quickly. Temperature needs to be optimal for each member of the trophic system to survive. Temperatures that are too high or too low may limit or eliminate the growth of specific species. It may also encourage others to grow more effectively. This could cause them to out-grow another species and create an imbalance in the ecosystem.
I saw a variety of sections that gave some very good information that corresponded with what we were learning in class. There were a variety of fish that swam in the displays. I was able to see them interacting with each other. I viewed their eating habits, and watched cnidarians feeding through their delicate tentacles. Looking through an aquarium glass, I was able to have the opportunity to see many creatures in their environment.
The common Bat star (Asterina miniata) is hungry and has been monitored in labs and found to be consuming 1 week gametophytes and also older. It affected how fast the kelp grew, especially on the short term. They would graze, and sometimes the blades would not make it after they had been grazed on. It may not harm enough of them to truly harm the population, but it helps keep the species in check. It seemed to readily consume Macrocytis pyrifera C. Agardh in experiments done by scientists and they found larger ones that were 1-3 cm could be more resistant and that was primarily because it grew fast. Although it doesn’t put the Macrocytis pyrifera C. Agardh at risk, it does make small areas where the biodiversity is able to change. The Bat star consumes a variety of food, however, and was found to consume moving animals and creatures, as well as sessile organisms. Many of them were in different trophic levels. It may eat things with little selection. The bat fish uses its arms to sense prey, light and other bat stars. They are omnivores, consuming deceased animals, dead algae, colonial tunicates and surfgrass. The bat star moves in search of food. It can live as far down as 300 meters. It has been seen in many colors like orange, red, yellow and purple. It encourages biodiversity by creating room for other species.
Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) possesses a variety of qualities included how long it lives, how far it lives laterally and the traits of the anima’s history. Environmental conditions appear to be more important to their responses than what has happened to them in the past. They may resist direct changes in their environment including temperature. It is often used to its location and in addition adapts well. The travel through the kelp forests, often in groups, feeding off algae, plankton, decaying matter and kelp which helps other animals find room in the scarce space.
Walleye surfperch (Hyperprosopon argenteum). Walleye females tend to be larger than males.  Among the family of fish, the coastal species tend to produce large groups of live spawn when they create their young. However, in deep water areas, they tend to make smaller groups of young.  Possessing large eyes that reflect light, they hunt for their prey, small crustaceans when light is not very strong. They help keep crustacean numbers in check. This fish is often caught by fishers.
Watching each of the creatures as they lived with each other, interacting and surviving off each other was important for this class. In the water, toxins spread. The ocean covers most of our world, there is a deep importance to preserve the ocean. Creatures consume each other, live with each other, and take shelter from each other. Coral reefs provide a beautiful home to a variety of creatures. The oceans provide a way for our world to receive oxygen. The ocean absorbs carbon, and now we are seeing the composition of the ocean change. We have to preserve the ocean, and seeing how everything was interconnected and survived around each other was very important, The tendency for each being to have its niche is poetic and practical.


Bibliography
Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters: Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. By Walter Kenrick Fisher.
California Academy of Sciences. http://www.calacademy.org/
Effect of the bat star Asterina miniata (Brandt) on recruitment of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh.George H. Leonard. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022098194900183
Population structure and feeding ecology of the bat star Asterina stellifera (Möbius, 1859): Omnivory on subtidal rocky bottoms of temperate seas. Nahuel E. Fariasa, Pablo E. Merettab, Maximiliano Cledónb. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110112000172
Life history traits and resource allocation in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson). Michael P. Russell. Volume 108, Issue 3, 23 June 1987, Pages 199–216. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022098187900852
Age and Growth of Three Surfperches (Embiotocidae) from Humboldt Bay, California. Robert D. Andersona & Charles F. Bryana. pages 475-482. 09 Jan 2011. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99%3C475%3AAAGOTS%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Life history variation among female surfperches (Perciformes: Embiotocidae) Donald M. Baltz. April 1984, Volume 10, Issue 3, pp 159-171. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00001123

No comments:

Post a Comment