My name is Stephanie Small. I work in retail where i tend to six birds as part of my job. I have worked in animals most of my life and I am a veterinary technician student and last semester I got my Veterinary assistant certificate. I want to work with exotic animals.
Public health is disease prevention and ensuring life is longer and that health is better in society. This means that they conduct organized plans and make choices to better ensure the health and safety of people. IT involves preventing and treating diseases. It means helping to control the spread of disease. It also means knowing where some diseases may originate from and what settings propagate disease. Diseases and injuries are managed through public health. Some disease can be prevented and though they are contagious, they can be prevented by finding contagions and vaccinations.
Increasing life expectancy is a goal. An example of public health would be to prevent contaminants in a water source from spreading disease such as sewage spreading into ocean waters may infect certain oceanic life with diseases, like some forms of hepatitis. These diseases can be then spread to humans and other animals which consume them. Controlling sewage is part of what is necessary to ensure public health. The difference between public health care and regular health care is the focus. Public health care focuses on a population or group. However, regular health care is focused more the on the individual.
The public health ideology is to some degree of concern for the individual but the community health is where the focus lies. This means that there may be lots of places this impacts life. This may mean that they are monitoring the environment, how humans live and set up their lives as well as regular medical care. This may mean that they address nutrition, the global health, toxins, diseases, environment, occupational health and hazards and more. In the more regular medical fields the focus is on the actual human system, body parts and the parts of the system as well as organs and body systems. These may develop into specializations.
For example, public health may focus on the hepatitis in the water from the sewage and how to monitor it, clean the water, notify the public, help the environment and correct the situation as possible. However, the regular medical science would put the focus on the actual treatment of hepatitis and ensuring that people do not continue to get sick and pass it on. This may mean instructing people on how to ensure they do not spread the disease, and this may mean there is some overlap, but essentially through public health the public would be educated as a whole to ensure that people would know there is potential hepatitis in the water and they do not imbibe infected stock. However, the medical science will help someone if they have contracted the diseases and would determine the method of treatment.
For a disease to be considered infectious.
Microscopic organisms are infectious. These germs are viruses and bacteria. This means they can spread from person to person. There are a variety of ways that infection can spread. This could be through blood contamination, saliva, body fluids, aerosols from the lungs and more. Some infections can be spread through touch.
A highly infectious disease needs only a little virus to get someone sick. The window of when someone can get sick or spread the sickness will affect this window. For instance, Ebola is very infectious since it does not take much virus to get someone sick, however, the disease is not easy to transmit and if they are not showing symptoms they are not likely to be contagious. Additionally, some diseases are more likely to get someone sick than others, which means that the “R0” (pronounce R-nought) is how many people that are likely to get sick from someone who is infected.
Measles has a R0 of 18, meaning that one sick person can get 18 other people sick, but looking at Ebola, you see the R0 is 1.5 to 2 making it less likely to spread to another person unlike measles. The terrain and public health of an area may affect an area’s likely R0. Some areas are cleaner than others naturally, while other areas practice more clean regimens. Isolation ability, health care and more may effect this number.
Zoonotic means that it can come from an animal. It may spread in a variety of ways, even indirect contact with an animal or infected animal. You can get sick from pets, wild animals or even food contaminants. A reverse zoonotic disease such as Cryptosporidium parvum,Ascaris lumbricoides, Staphylococcus aureus and influenza A virus and a variety of other kinds of pathogens may be traced to animals from human origins. Some diseases are more harmful to animals than others. Some diseases may kill pets though leave humans sick but alive.
The difference between an emerging and a re-emerging disease is that an emerging disease is increasing in incidence over the past 20 years and the trend may continue. They may be new if they are emerging this could be from evolution, moving to a new population or to a new area. Re-emerging disease may be increasing because for instance with drug resistant tuberculosis
SOURCE
Reverse Zoonotic Disease Transmission (Zooanthroponosis): A Systematic Review of Seldom-Documented Human Biological Threats to Animals. Ali M. Messenger, Amber N. Barnes,, Gregory C. Gray. Published: February 28, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089055. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0089055
Boundless. “Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases.” Boundless Microbiology. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 22 Jan. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/epidemiology-10/epidemiology-and-public-health-134/emerging-and-reemerging-infectious-diseases-690-5424/
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